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  22/10/2007
Protein Crystallisation in Space
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  Crystallisation is a key process to analyse proteins and to know their structure. The X-ray diffraction by that crystal allows to set the three-dimensional protein structure and to learn how the protein works.

This knowledge will permit, for instance, the synthesis of more effective therapeutic drugs and the development of biomimetic materials and devices.

A few years ago, the Laboratory for Crystallographic Studies (LEC) from the CSIC in Granada developed the Granada Crystallisation Box for growing crystals using the counter-diffusion method. GCB is made of polystyrene and is equipped with 6 glass capillaries that are filled with the protein solution.

As microgravity improves protein crystallisation by reducing sedimentation and convection effects, GCB was also tested in space inside the Granada Crystallisation Facility (GCF) designed and manufactured by NTE.

GCF is an aluminium container capable of withstanding launch and re-entry and housing 23 GCBs. It successfully flew in Andromède, Odissea, Cervantes and 4 Japanese missions to the International Space Station.

As the temperature variation affects the experiments results, NTE has developed and built the GCF-2 that consists of a Sample Container housing the crystallisation experiments within 3 layer capillaries and/or a new GCB-2 both developed and supplied by the company Triana Science and Technology and an Electronics Unit accommodating the electronics and the thermal subsystem that provides a thermally-controlled environment of 20 ºC to the samples.

The GCF-2 was successfully launched inside Foton M3 on September 14th from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and performed nominally during the 12-day orbital flight. The behaviour of the GCF-2 throughout the mission was monitored from the Korolev Mission Support Centre in Moscow by NTE and European Space Agency (ESA) personnel.

The landing site of the re-entry capsule was near the city of Kustanay (Kazakhstan) on September 25th, from where the GCF-2 and the rest of European payloads onboard Foton M3 were transported by a chartered aircraft to the ESTEC facilities in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.

Presently, the group of scientists of the GCF-2 led by the LEC is evaluating the preliminary results of the mission.

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